The Cytochemical Examination of Poliovirus-induced Cell Damage

It was suggested by Defendi (1962) that the activation of lysosomal enzymes may precede and contribute to cell destruction during viral infection . Both biochemical procedures and cytochemical techniques at the light microscope level have been employed to demonstrate the cytoplasmic location of lysosomal enzymes, before and during viral infection (Allison and Sandelin, 1963 ; Allison and Mallucci, 1965 ; Macieira-Coelho et al., 1965 ; busing and Wolff, 1969) . It was shown that as a result of certain virus infections, lysosomal enzymes diffused from their localized position into the surrounding cytoplasm. Other studies on virus-cell interactions indicated that only cytolytic viruses are capable of producing these changes (Wolff and Bubel, 1964; Flanagan, 1966) . Viruses which were slowly liberated from cells, or which did not initiate cytolysis, such as vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or herpes simplex, caused little alteration of lysosomal enzyme distributions . Poliovirus-induced cytopathic morphological alterations have been extensively examined by electron microscopy (Mattern and Daniel, 1965 ; Dales et al ., 1965 ; Anzai and Ozaki, 1969 ; Levinthal